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Ticks (common tick, Ixodes ricinus)
1. Significance for the man
Ticks are blood sucking ectoparasites of mammals (people)!, birds and reptiles which can transfer just more diseases to the man. Being part of it:
- Borreliosis,
- Early summer - meningoencephalitis (FSME),
- Ehrlichiose rarely, mainly (confessed) in Europe in the USA.
2. Design cycle
Ticks are part of the order of the mites to the arachnids and. You are true over-masters in the art of living and need only three bigger blood meals for their development at a life span of five years. Of five millimeter to 1.2 centimeters can, the female capable of reproduction, her size lures lasting suck at a host with the help of odorous substances on, to draw against each other with it around itself swell up during a "meal" the blood the male. The female who is fully sucked and stimulated then puts up to 3000 eggs ("tick caviar") down on the ground. She immediately dies to this. About 0.5 millimeters of small larvae slip from the eggs with six legs. You live of mammal blood, for example of small rodents like mice. Nach einigen Wochen häutet sich die Larve. The approximately a millimeter great ones arise, paying attention-legged nymphs. You lie in wait for their next host. This can be for example a rabbit. The reproduction cycle starts at the next host, such as a stroller or dog, once more.
It is the spiteful that one doesn't feel the bite of the tick. In an appropriate warm skin place the mouth tools saw themselves into the tissue, heels establish the tick in the wound tightly. The tick which impedes blood coagulation and dissolves the tissue saliva "injects", this one deadens. The tick absorbs this pap, saliva thickens it and splashes once more. With it the individual causative agents reach the host.
3. Illnesses after tick mouthfuls
They can differently assign just more shoots to hosts and their specific nutrition way due to this one.
Between 10 and 35 per cent of the ticks have the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi in its intestine, the trigger of the borreliosis. The share of the infected ticks of a local population can regionally sway considerably (be able to carry the causative agent up to 50% of the ticks into itself). Ticks can be contaminated and transfer it with borrelien in all stages of development (larva, nymph, fully-grown animal). Infected ticks also happen in all of Germany. The illness can be given therapy with antibiotics. At present, a protective vaccination isn't available yet.
Ticks far less often house FSME viruses (5%) in their salivary glands. You are the pathogenes of the early summer meningoencephalitis (FSME). The probability to catch a tick which can transfer the illness is dependent on the origin field and the stage of development of the tick. Parts of Bavaria and Thuringia, Baden-Wurttemberg and the south of Hesse are regarded as FSME risk fields in Germany. However, also occasional falls from the Saarland, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saxony and Brandenburg are known. The geographical maps with the endangering fields become every year updates. At uncertainties the local public health departments can give information about endangering. Also popular vacation objectives, like Austria, Hungary and Scandinavia, are FSME risk fields. A protective vaccination is recommended to persons who often stay in the open and in the FSME endemic infection fields live or go there on vacation.
Obviously a third illness which was known only from the USA till now also can be transferred by local species. Es handelt sich um die so genannte humane granulozytäre Ehrlichiose (HGE). Bacteria are honest, the causes of the HGE. Influenza similar (fevers, headaches, disease feeling), are the symptoms. In most cases the immune system gets finished even with the causative agents. The ehrlichiose can be treated also well with antibiotics. Difficult cases of this infection concerned primarily people with a weakened immune system.
4. Protection from tick stitches
Of course it isn't to be bitten the most effective protection from borreliosis and FSME by the ticks first at all. The following behavior measures make sense:
- Avoid grass, bushes and undergrowth as well as possibly high.
- Closed, bright clothes, primarily long trousers, offer a certain protection from ticks.
It belongs to the legends, that to the empire ticks lie on trees in wait for her victims and can be fallen down on them. You rather are in the grass.
- You can try also with insect protection means (so-called repellents) to prevent.
- Warning signs are often built in tick fields. Put your trouser legs into the socks there. Ticks crawl namely on the clothes and on the body until they find a free, warm and soft skin. Your preferential body regions are the strips, the armpits and the head.
- Shake your clothes out thoroughly on the balcony at home. Search over yourself and your children thoroughly after ticks.
5. Remove of ticks
It is important to remove the ticks as quickly as possible. The causative agent reproduction in the tick starts an advanced blood meal only correctly. So borrelien reach the host (man) for common only 12 to 24 hours after the puncture.
The tick mustn't be dabbed by oil with any species contrary to all old textbook opinions to be made let off. Nail varnish and adhesive also may not be used. In your suffocation fight the tick increased spits saliva into the wound. With it the causative agents also reach the host.
The tick shall not in which direction also always be here turned off either.
Rather pack the head of the tick with a pointed forceps as thick as possible at the skin and pull the animal out courageously. The fingernails and a rapid jerk also suffice experienced "tick remove". In any case a pushing or squeezing also should the tick body be avoided. If the coalmine head gets stuck in the body despite all precautions, they have it removed from your treating physician.
These informations may be considered a substitute for a piece of medical advice in no case. The content of health-illness.com doesn't can and may be put into any case to make diagnoses or carry out self medical treatment independently.
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