Congenital illnesses

Diseases or deficit syndromes which have arisen from damage done to the genetic material congenitally or also diseases, their cause (radiation, infection, semi-luxury items, hypoxia) already in the womb or during the birth (connatal) count the child as one of the congenital illnesses on had an effect have.

The exact ones aren't still known to causes at all at about 60 per cent of all congenital malformations.

At around 7 to 10 per cent of all congenital development disturbances (embryo and fetopathies) the followings are events the pregnancy lasting or at the birth responsible:
  • Infections of the nascent mother also see pregnancy portal (for example with rubellas, toxoplasmosis, chickenpoxes >);
  • Chronic diseases of the pregnant woman like diabetes, epilepsy, high blood pressure, thyroid gland illnesses, asthma and kidney disease;
  • Blood group incompatibilities (see pregnancy portal > rhesus incompatibility);
  • ionizing radiate;
  • Medicine intake;
  • Alcohol, drugs and tobacco consumption;
  • Hypoxia of the child during the birth.
Genetic causes play a role in around 20 to 30 per cent of the congenital illnesses. Being able to the changes be bequeathed appeared also spontaneously in the genotype and not by the ancestors.

The hereditary diseases are divided up into three categories coarsely:
  • Chromosomal illnesses: The number of chromosomes or the chromosome structure is changed. The best known example is the Down's syndrome (trisomy 21 or Mongolimus).
  • Monogenic disturbances: A gene is responsible for the outbreak of the illness only. These gene defects can arise spontaneously or be bequeathed. One knows over 4000 monogenic disturbances. Most metabolic diseases fall into this group. The inheritance of the faulty gene is carried out after certain rules. Examples are the cystic fibrosis, the marfan syndrome, the bleeder disease and the glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G 6 Pd deficiency).
  • Polygene illnesses: Several genes are involved. Environmental influences often join, too. One talks about a multifactorial inheritance. The repetition risk is in the family dependent at such illnesses of family who is fallen ill from the relationship degree to this for example and concerned in this one by the heaviness of the suffering and the number of the persons affected. The illnesses can also sex-specifically appear in large numbers. Examples of multifactorial genetic illnesses are the pyloric stenosis, the hip dysplasia or allergies.


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