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Immune reaction
1. Immunity after an infection
A variety of cell species (beta cells, T helper cells, T cells, phagocytes, "memory cells") is involves at the defense of causative agents. If a shoot penetrates into the body, then it comes to the formation of antibodies (immunoglobulins) after some days. Beta cells and T helper cells are involved in this reaction, for example.
Every causative agent has a specific specimen at its surface to which the antibody like a key which is formed against it and specific matches a lock. Since there are millions of different foreign cells/shoots, just as many different antibodies must be available or be produced in the body.
The antibodies can follow the causative agent. Bacteria stick together through this, viruses lose your ability to penetrate into cells. Endogenous phagocytes (Granulozyten and macrophages) recognize highlighted shoots with antibodies more lightly and eat them up (phagocytosis).
Memory cells also arise at the immune reaction. Have you recognize the ability, the causative agent and remain also after the defense of the causative agent got. The immune system remembers the infection already gone with them. Starts the antibody production at renewed contact with the same shoot on a higher standard, the illness fails to appear or takes place in shape weakened fundamentally. We are immune.
2. Active immunization
A vaccination represents an active immunization. Weakened germs of a disease, killed causative agent or components of pathogens or inactivated toxic substances of causative agents also only important to the immune reaction are injected into the body. One therefore distinguishes three groups of vaccines: Live vaccines (sera from living causative agents), dead man vaccines (parts of killed shoots) and toxoid vaccines (containedly inactivated toxic substances of the causative agents).
The immune system forms actively the specific antibodies sick person cheerful more actively against the respective ones now. Sometimes this speaks in a vaccination reaction which manifests itself by malaise, light fever as well as redden and tumescences in the vaccinating place.
The vaccinations offer protection differently against the respective diseases for a long time. Booster vaccinations prolong the period of effectiveness. Such a resuscitation of the specific antibody formation can take place also unnoticedly if contact has a vaccinated with the causative agent again.
3. Passive immunization
Antibodies which have formed other people or animals against a certain causative agent are injected into the body at a passive immunization. This measure is taken up if one has been in all probability infected, it is, however, already too late for the formation of defense substances of one's own by a vaccination. Immunoglobulins are given if pregnant women had contact with rubellas or chickenpoxes fallen ill with an insufficient antibody titer, for example. The injection of the immune or gamma globulins must be as rapidly as possible carried out after the causative agent contact. The disease symptoms can fail to appear so completely or the illness takes a milder course. The full effect of the passive immunization stops only three to four weeks.
These informations may be considered a substitute for a piece of medical advice in no case. The content of health-illness.com doesn't can and may be put into any case to make diagnoses or carry out self medical treatment independently.
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