Immune system

Immune system and antibody

If the organism is threatened by dangerous substances, such as viruses, bacteria, mushrooms or poisons, it is able to activate different defense reactions:

B-cell row
the cells of the B-cell row are formed in the bone marrow, antibodies, so-called immunoglobulins (Ig), are part of the so-calledly nonspecific, humoral immune defense and are educational in the case of an immunoreaction. These antibodies are this one the T-cell-row, the specific immune defense egg-white molecules in Y shape which the substances to be eliminated, so-called antigens can bind at its two short arms it " killer cells, phagocytes " so around them from, present and therefore harmless make.

One distinguishes 4 different antibody classes:

IgA: Antibody of all mucosas of the body (mouth, intestine), virtually first defense barrier against dangerous intruders of whom a large part is already eliminated by the IgA before it can penetrate into the body at all.

IgG: "Standard" -- antibody of the delayed immunoreaction, i.e. be formed at first contact with a foreign substance only after relationship and identification with a certain delay. At renewed contact with the antigen then by "memory cells" production of these antibodies strengthened, possibly, i.e. a very rapid and strong reaction. At everyone almost all "normal" diseases and vaccinations. They often remain many years or also the whole life after the infection in the body which is thus immune to this causative agent.

IgM: Antibody of the first reaction. Relatively nonspecific antibodies which are immediately formed when the penetrating a foreign substance in large quantities to make the substance in time as short as possible as much as possible harmlessly. No memory.

IgE: Antibody for the defense of parasites and vermises. At all atopic clinical pictures like allergies, asthma, neurodermatitis etc. more and more formed. (Certain white blood corpuscles) lead about fixation to mast cells to the release of the messenger substance histamine which induces the physical reactions over different reaction ways.

T-cell row
the cells of the T-cell row being formed in the thymus and lymphatic tissue of the body (e.g. lymph node) and putting the specific, cellular defense of the organism. The so-called T4 helper cells which antigens bind and present and the T killer cells (phagocytes) which destroy the pests bound to T4 helper cells and therefore eliminate from the organism are part of the T cells primarily.

Histamine
E.g. the histamine is released at the mucosas. It is a messenger substance which plays a decisive role in the reaction chain of atopic diseases. Histamine is a biologically very active substance which happens in our body everywhere. E.g. each which has grasped a stinging nettle the effect of the histamine has felt sometimes. The symptoms of a "classic" allergy are triggered by histamine. Histamine and other inflammation mediators are the reason that the blood vessels widen strongly. Fluid leaves within seconds until minutes and it comes to the formation of the typical edemas and wheals. The blood pressure sinks. The persons affected suffer from pruritus, red and regular nose, eye tears and dyspnea by swelling of the bronchial mucosa.

Mast cells
Mast cells are certain cells of the endogenous defense which many messenger substances, among others histamine have stored. Such a mast cell meets on to IgE one it fastens allergen which is bound and presented, that is a substance dangerous for the body to itself to this so and its whole histamine tips out, around the corresponding reaction chain to the elimination into gait to got. Unfortunately, it also does this harmless substances (e.g. pollen or animal hairs) at the atopic at real for the organism.


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